PARKINSON'S DISEASE (DP)

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PARKINSON' DISEASE. (PD)

know your healyh - Mosely'kyh

Parkinson's disease refers to a long term neuro-degenerative disorder, which leads to continuously deterioration of motor function due to loss of dopamine-producing brain cells. Parkinson's disease is the second most common neuro-degenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. The risks factors of Parkinson's disease are age, hereditary, sex, head trauma and toxic exposure

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease are usually begin gradually and mostly often affect one side of the body then later affect another side:
  1. Motor symptoms:
  • tremor (Trembling of extremities, jaw and face)
  • stiffness (rigidity of extremities and truck)
  • slowness of movement
  • poor coordination (difficult in walking)
know your healyh - Mosely'kyh

     2. Non motor symptoms:
  • Neuro-psychiatric: 
                           -mood change, 
                           -behavior change, 
                           -cognition and thought alteration
  • Automatic nervous system can lead to: 
                          -low blood pressure while standing (orthostatic hypotension)
                          -urinary incontinence
                          -oily skin
                          -excessive sweating
                          -sexual dysfuction

     3. Sensory symptoms 
  • difficult in sleeping, 
  • smell taste alteration
  • visual disturbance
  • pain and numbness

CAUSES OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

In Parkinson's disease, the death of certain nerve cells in substantia nigra, a region of mid-brain of the human brain those producing chemical called dopamine. Parkinson's disease is thought to arise from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, which remain mostly unknown.
  • Environmental factors - the risk is relative small, exposure o a certain toxic such as pesticides and previous head injury increase the risks.
know your healyh - Mosely'kyh
head trauma
  • Genetic factors - specific gene mutation that cause Parkinson's disease runs though family, certain gene variations appear to increase the risk of Parkinson's disease but with a relatively small risk of Parkinson's disease for each of these genetic markers.

TREATMENT OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

The aim of Parkinson's disease treatment is to relief symptoms, There i no cure for Parkinson's disease but various interventions such as medications, surgery and physical treatment may be done.
The most effective therapy is Levodopa which is converted into dopamine in the brain, temporary reduces the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Other medications are dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, pergolide, pramipexole, apomorphine and lisuride), MAO-B inhibitors (safinamide, selegine and rasagiline). Advanced stage of Parkinson's disease for whom medications are no longer effective is treated by surgical operation.    `

PREVENTION OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

  • Antioxidants such as vitamin C and E thought to reduce risk of develop Parkinson's disease though it not proven yet.
  • Taking caffeinated drinks (coffee) reduce the risk of develop Parkinson's disease
  • Cigarettes and tobacco smoker have low risk of develop Parkinson's disease compared to non smokers, its not known that underlies this effect.

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