Know Your Health-KYH

PNEUMONIA. pneumonia Pneumonia is an infection of lung primarily affect air sacs known as alveoli in one or both lungs, can be caused by microbes includes bacteria, viruses, or fungi. When an individual has pneumonia the air sacs (alveoli) in lungs become filled with microbes, fluid and inflammatory cells and result in difficult in breathing. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF PNEUMONIA. Pneumonia symptoms can be mild to severe illness, and they vary according to etiology, severity and general heath of a person. Early symptoms of pneumonia include: cough with yellow or green mucus sharp or stabbing chest pain fever with shaking or chills shortness of breath excessive sweating cyanosis (bluish discolouration of the lips and nails) weakness (fatigue) confusion pneumonia affect air sac CLASSIFICATION AND CAUSES OF PNEUMONIA Pneumonia can be caused by infection of viruses, bacteria and less common fungi and parasites.  Anyone can get this lung infection. But infants yo

INFLUENZA infuenza Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by infection with influenza viruses that affect both upper and lower respiratory tract that is nose, throat and lungs, characterized by systemic manifestations such as high grade fever, headache, painful muscle and weakness. It cause mild to severe illness, hospitalization and death is usually due to serious complication of influenza. CAUSES OF INFLUENZA influenza viruses Influenza is caused by infection of the respiratory tract with influenza viruses, RNA viruses of the  Orthomyxovirus  genus. Influenza viruses are classified into 3 types: A, B, and C. Only virus types A and B commonly cause illness in humans.  the distribution of these viruses varies from year to year and between geographic areas and time of year   SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF INFLUENZA The duration of the symptoms differ from when a person is exposed to flu virus and infected to when symptoms begin is about one (1) to fou

TETANUS tetanus Tetanus is a neurological disorder caused by bacteria called  Clostridium tetani , characterized by muscle tone and spasms. Once  the bacteria enters the body, they produce a powerful protein poison (toxin) known as tetanospasmin that causes painful muscle contractions. Tetanus is also called “lockjaw”. It often causes a person’s neck and jaw muscles to lock, making it hard to open the mouth or swallow. CAUSES OF TETANUS Clostridium tetani Tetanus is an infection caused by an anaerobic, motile gram positive rod bacterium called  Clostridium tetani . The organism is everywhere in the environment including soil, in the inanimate area, dust, in animal faces and manure. The bacteria enters the body through puncture / broken skin as spores and then develop into bacteria. Certain breaks in the skin are more likely to get infected with tetanus bacteria. These include: Wounds contaminated with dirt, poop (feces). Wounds caused by an object puncturing the skin

OVARIAN CYST. ovarian cyst An ovarian cyst is the sac or pouch like structure filled with fluid or semisolid substance that form in an ovary or on its surface. Most ovarian cysts are very common and are benign (not cancer) but in rare cases they are cancerous (malignant), with no signs or symptoms unless they rupture or become bigger and dissolve on their own without treatment. Ovarian cyst can occur at childbearing age or after menopause.  TYPES OF OVARIAN CYSTS Functional ovarian cysts Functional ovarian cysts are the most common type of ovarian cyst with no symptoms, they are usually go away after 6 to 8 weeks. They due to normal menstrual period during ovulation, en-comprise of two types includes:                         1. Follicular cysts The follicular cyst is also called graafian follicle cyst or follicular cyst is a type of functional cyst, and is the most common type of  ovarian cyst . Occurs when ovulation doesn't take place, and a follicle doesn

STREP THROAT. strep throat Strep throat is also known as streptococcal pharyngitis, a contagious bacterial disease caused by infection with  group A Streptococcus  ( group A strep ) , which is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the mucous membranes lining the back of the throat including tonsils. Strep throat is mostly common in children but it affects individual of all ages. It can be easily spread from one person to another through respiratory droplets. It may cause other serious health problems like scarlet fever,  Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome,   rheumatic fever,   kidney inflammation ( post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ). CAUSES OF STREP THROAT. group A β-hemolytic streptococcus  (GAS)  Likely other sore throats, Strep throat is caused by  group A β-hemolytic streptococcus  (GAS) especially  Streptococcus pyogenes . Most sore throats are caused by viruses. Other bacteria such as  non–group A β-hemolytic streptococci  and  fusobacterium

LUPUS  Lupus rash Lupus is an autoimmune disease in which immune system of the body mistakenly triggers inflammation in different healthy tissues of the body. Autoimmune disease is the conditions occurs from abnormal body’s immune system response to a normal body tissues. This articles will cover mostly systemic lupus erythematosus. TYPES OF LUPUS. Systemic lupus erythematosus  (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. It can affect the skin, lungs joints, brain, kidneys, and blood vessels, and can cause serious medical complications such as inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs which affects different parts of the body including internal organs. SLE is the most common and most serious type of lupus. Acute cutaneous lupus (skin lupus)  is the type of lupus that affects the skin in the form of a rash or lesions. Sunlight exposure is risk factor for this type of

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS). norma ovary on right, polycystic ovary on left side Polycystic ovarian syndrome is also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is the hormonal disorder of the women of childbearing  / reproductive age due to elevations of male reproductive hormone (androgen). This hormonal imbalance may cause some serious reproductive problems such as prolonged, missed and irregular menstrual, that can result to woman fertility.  Polycystic ovarian syndrome causes ovary to develop numerous cysts (fluid-filled sacs) and fail to release on regular menstruation. Early treatment is important to prevent serious medical problems like high blood sugar  ( diabetes ),  and heart disease. CAUSES OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME. The causes of polycystic ovarian syndrome is still unknown but it links with genetics, insulin resistance and inflammations that leads to excess androgen production. There are some factors that contribute on increasing high risk of women suffe

HERPES ZOSTER / SHINGLES herpes zoster blisters Herpes zoster is also called Shingles is a sporadic viral disease that occurs from reactivation of latent Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) from dorsal root of spinal nerve characterized by painful skin rash with blisters in the localized area. Its not possible for a person to develop herpes zoster if has never exposed to chickenpox or varicella zoster virus. CAUSES OF HERPES ZOSTER varicella zoster virus (VZV) Herpes zoster is caused by the Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. The virus remain inactive / dormant in the body after a person recovers from chickenpox. The mechanism of reactivation of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) that results in shingles is still unknown. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHINGLES Herpes zoster is characterized by painful skin rash with fluid filled blisters that usually occur on one side of the face or body that is single stripe around either the left or the right side o