OVARIAN CYST.

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OVARIAN CYST.

know your health
ovarian cyst

An ovarian cyst is the sac or pouch like structure filled with fluid or semisolid substance that form in an ovary or on its surface. Most ovarian cysts are very common and are benign (not cancer) but in rare cases they are cancerous (malignant), with no signs or symptoms unless they rupture or become bigger and dissolve on their own without treatment. Ovarian cyst can occur at childbearing age or after menopause. 

TYPES OF OVARIAN CYSTS

  • Functional ovarian cysts

Functional ovarian cysts are the most common type of ovarian cyst with no symptoms, they are usually go away after 6 to 8 weeks. They due to normal menstrual period during ovulation, en-comprise of two types includes: 
                      1. Follicular cysts
The follicular cyst is also called graafian follicle cyst or follicular cyst is a type of functional cyst, and is the most common type of ovarian cyst. Occurs when ovulation doesn't take place, and a follicle doesn't rupture or release its ova but instead grows until it becomes a cyst.
                      2. Luteal ovarian cysts
A Corpus luteum is the tissue left after ova has been released, become cyst when it fills with blood and take up to three months to disappear entirely. A corpus luteum cyst rarely occurs at age 50 and above because eggs are no longer being released in menopausal women. Corpus luteum cysts may contain blood and other fluids.
  • Dermoid cysts (teratomas)
A dermoid cyst is the ovarian cyst that contain different body tissue like skin or hair, occurs from birth and continue to grow during reproductive age. It usually benign but in rare case can be malignant. 
  • Cystadenomas
Cystadenomas are ovarian cysts that develop on the surface of ovary and can grow very large, they are rare malignant. Cystadenomas are more common among women aged over 40 years.
  • ·  Endometrioma.

Endomentrioma occurs as a result of a condition in which uterine endometrial cells grow outside uterus wall (endometriosis). Some of the tissue can attach to ovary and continue to growth result to the cyst.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF OVARIAN CYST.

abdominal discomfort and pelvis pain 

Ovarian cyst has no signs and symptoms, having symptoms may indicate large ovarian cyst, rupture or twist of the ovary (ovarian torsion). Symptoms of an ovarian cyst may include:
  • Lower abdominal pain or pain the pelvis, dull ache within the abdomen or pelvis spread to lower back, especially during intercourse (Dyspareunia) and on begin or on end of menstrual period.
  • Frequent and discomfort on urination  
  • Abdominal signs like feeling fullness, pressure, bloating in the abdomen  
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Irregular painful menstruations  
  • Abnormal uterine bleeding or spotting.

Other symptoms of ovarian cyst includes:

  • fatigue
  • breast tenderness
  • headaches
  • Weight gain
  • stress and depression

How do ovarian cyst diagnosed?

Diagnosis of ovarian cyst is main by Ultrasound scan, but clinical history and pelvic examination are essential to rule out symptoms and signs of cyst. Other investigations can be done to help to detect ovarian cyst, includes:
  • an ultrasound scan
  • a blood test
  • a pregnancy test
  • laparoscopy

Complications of ovarian cyst.

An ovarian cyst often are harmless, but sometimes it can lead to health problems.
·         Ovarian Torsion: Rotation of ovary at its pedicle that cause blockage of blood vessels
·         Cyst rupture: It can be painful and bleeding, ruptured cyst mimic symptoms of diverticulitis.
·         Ovarian Cancer: In rare cases, a cyst may be an early form of ovarian cancer.

TREATMENT OF OVARIAN TORSION

  • Watchful waiting (observation)
Most of ovarian cyst are harmless and they go away without treatment, so observation is option when then are no bothersome symptoms especially for those who are in childbearing age. Close monitoring is require for patient who are under watchful waiting.
  • Pain medication
Pain killers like acetaminophen, Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids can be used to manage pain associated symptoms of ovarian cyst with birth control pills to prevent recurrence and new formation of` cysts. 
  • Surgery (Laparotomy)
Though ovarian cyst dissolve on its own with monitoring, some cases require surgery. Surgery may involve removal of cyst or one / both ovary, the technique is known as laparotomy. Surgery may be recommended for the following cases:
  • persistent symptoms
  • Persistent cysts that are causing symptoms
  • cyst is fast growing or large
  • cyst which are malignant
  • Women who are menopausal or peri-menopausal
There is no way to prevent ovarian cyst, but early diagnosis is the key to prevent recur of cyst and prevent medical and gynecological complications to the women.


Location: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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