google-site-verification=cQNGUiIftbXsg9xgALSz_jM6jpU2np_gT88fqNQM6_c PNEUMONIA: symptoms, causes and classification. Skip to main content

SCABIES

SCABIES scabies Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the human itch mite known as the  Sarcoptes scabiei characterized by intensive itching and rashes.   Female microscopic eight legged mites burrow into upper layer of skin where they live and lay eggs (three or less) per day. The infestation is transmitted from one person to another host through intimate contact (crowded area, poor hygiene, and sexual contact), sharing contaminated clothing, towel and bedding. Sites for outbreak of scabies includes school, hospital, nursing homes, prison and other extended care institution. Effective recommended treatment of scabies involves entire group of people who are at risk of develop scabies in the infected area. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF SCABIES. It takes up to six weeks for signs and symptoms of scabies to manifest for new infected person but for those who had infection before symptoms will appear quickly. The diagnostic symptoms of scabies infestation is d...
Post a Comment

PNEUMONIA: symptoms, causes and classification.

PNEUMONIA.

know your health
pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection of lung primarily affect air sacs known as alveoli in one or both lungs, can be caused by microbes includes bacteria, viruses, or fungi. When an individual has pneumonia the air sacs (alveoli) in lungs become filled with microbes, fluid and inflammatory cells and result in difficult in breathing.

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF PNEUMONIA.

Pneumonia symptoms can be mild to severe illness, and they vary according to etiology, severity and general heath of a person. Early symptoms of pneumonia include:
  • cough with yellow or green mucus
  • sharp or stabbing chest pain
  • fever with shaking or chills
  • shortness of breath
  • excessive sweating
  • cyanosis (bluish discolouration of the lips and nails)
  • weakness (fatigue)
  • confusion
know your health
pneumonia affect air sac

CLASSIFICATION AND CAUSES OF PNEUMONIA

Pneumonia can be caused by infection of viruses, bacteria and less common fungi and parasites. Anyone can get this lung infection. But infants younger than age 2 and people over age 65 have the highest odds. That’s because their immune systems might not be strong enough to fight it. Risk factors that predispose to pneumonia include:
  • cigarette smoking
  • immunocompromise
  • liver disease
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • asthma 
  • chronic kidney disease
  •  alcohol drinking
  • advanced age
  • infants from birth to age 2 years  

PNEUMONIA CAN BE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO MICROORGANISM, LOCATION AND HOW IT ACQUIRED. 

Types according to microorganisms cause pneumonia, includes:

  • Bacterial pneumonia is caused by bacteria most common Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
  • Viral pneumonia is a complication of the viruses that cause colds and the flu.
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia is a type of atypical bacteria that commonly causes mild infections of the respiratory system. Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is also called walking pneumonia since symptoms tend to be milder than pneumonia caused by other germs.
  • Fungal pneumonia is an infection of the lungs by fungi. It can be caused by either endemic or opportunistic fungi or a combination of both. One of fungal pneumonia is called Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). affects immunocompromised individual such as those with AIDS.

Types according to location it acquired, includes:

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP): pneumonia that is acquired inside of medical setting 
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): pneumonia that is acquired outside of a medical or institutional setting.

Types according to how it acquired, includes:

Aspiration pneumonia: it acquired when inhale food, stomach acid, or saliva into your lungs.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is caused by ventilators.

DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA

Pneumonia is diagnosed by combination of medical techniques such as clinical history, physical examinations, laboratory tests and imaging tests.
  • A blood test used to detect infections of microbes in blood.
  • A sputum test used to detect microbes present on lungs.
  • Pulse oximetry measures level of oxygen in the blood.
  • A urine test for identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila.
  • X-ray can be used as confirmatory test for pneumonia.
  • A CT scan offers better image of the lungs to diagnose complications of pneumonia.
  • A fluid sample from pleural space of chest.
  • A bronchoscopy offers view of lungs through camera.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

CERVICAL CANCER; SYMPTOMS, SIGNS AND CAUSES

be healthy and live happier NO cervical cancer CERVICAL CANCER Refers to the type of cancer that arise from Uterine cervix (neck of the womb) due to abnormal cell grow out of control that have the ability to spread to the other part of the body. The Cervix is the lower part (narrow ending ) of the uterus/womb in the Female Reproductive System. Female reproductive system Cervical Cancer Cervical Cancer is highly preventable in most Western countries because screening and test  and a vaccine  to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are available. When cervical cancer is found early, it is highly treatable and associated with long survival and good quality of life. Cervical Cancer affecting different parts of uterus CAUSES OF CERVICAL CANCER. Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV) Human papillovirus HPV is most common cause about 90% of the Cervical Cancer, However not all HPV infection lead to Cancer oth...
1 comment
Read more

updated PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE Imagine a small sore forming on the inner lining of your stomach or the first part of your small intestine. This sore is called a peptic ulcer , and it happens when the protective layers of your digestive tract are damaged, allowing stomach acid to eat into the lining.  Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. The two main places ulcers develop are: The stomach – called gastric ulcers . The first part of the small intestine (duodenum) – called duodenal ulcers . Peptic Ulcers are referred as breaks / erosion in the mucosal surface (about 5 mm in size) with depth to the submucosal of Stomach and Duodenum. The most important causes of Peptic Ulcers is Infection with Helicobacter Pylori, long term use of group of medications such as Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and  Lifestyle factors like smoking, excessive alcohol, or stress (though stress alone rarely causes ulce...
Post a Comment
Read more

DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA)

DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS Ketone bodies in urine is one diagnostic features of DKA A serious condition / complication of Diabetes Mellitus that appear when high amount / level of blood acid called ketones are produced. This conditions develops when there is insufficient amount of insulin, Primary Insulin is essential for the aid sugar (glucose) is a major source of energy for the body's tissue enter into the cells for the utilization, without Insulin body can not utilize glucose as a source of energy instead it breaks down fats as fuel. Blood acid (Ketones) are produced by this process and it accumulate into blood stream and eventually leads to Diabetic Ketoacidosis if remain without be treated. DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS Diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis is based into three bases, such as: Clinical History (Symptoms)  -Weakness and fatique -confusion / loss of concentration -Polyuria (abnormal large amount of urine) -Polyipsia (excessive thirs...
1 comment
Read more